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大瘋起嘻
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« 回覆文章 #16 於: 2011-09-28 16:30:54 » |
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今天先翻到這裡
What is the sun?
The sun is a star. It is a huge, spinning, glowing sphere of hot gas. The sun is just like the stars that you see in the night sky. It appears so much larger and brighter than the other stars because we are so close to it. The sun is the center of our solar system. All of the planets in our solar system, including Earth, orbit around the sun.
太陽是什麼？
太陽就是一顆恆星，一個巨大、會自轉、充滿熱氣體的發光球體。太陽就像你在夜空中看到的星星。因為她很接近我們所以看起來比其它恆星更大、更明亮。太陽是我們太陽系的中心。所有在我們這個太陽系的行星，包括地球都會圍繞太陽運行。
How does the sun shine?
The sun shines by burning hydrogen into helium in its core. This process is called nuclear fusion. Fusion happens when lighter elements are forced to become heavier elements. When this happens, a tremendous amount of energy is created. The famous scientist Albert Einstein discovered a formula which shows how much energy can be created from a small amount of mass. You may have heard of the famous formula E=mc2. E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light. The speed of light is 186,000 miles or 300,000 km per second. So you can see that a tiny amount of matter can be changed into an enormous amount of energy. This can only happen in places which have extremely high pressures and temperatures. At the center of the sun, the temperature reaches 16 million degrees K, and the pressure is more than a billion times the atmospheric pressure on Earth! The sun converts about 5 million tons of mass into energy every second. This energy heats the sun, and in turn, the sun heats Earth and all the other planets.
太陽是怎麼發亮的？
太陽之所以會發光，是因為在太陽核心裡面，氫經過燃燒後轉化為氦，硬是將較輕的元素轉變為較重的元素，產生了巨大的能量而發光，這個過程就是核融合。著名科學家愛因斯坦發現了一個公式，說明用少許的質量產生多大的能量。您可能聽說過著名的公式E= MC2，E是能量，m是質量，c是光速。光的速度每秒達到30萬公里或186,000英里，這也就是為什麼少量的物質可以變成巨大能量的原因。而核融合只能發生在具有非常高的壓力和溫度的地方。以太陽的中心來說，溫度達到1600萬度K時，壓力更是高達地球上的大氣壓力的10億倍！太陽每秒將約500萬噸的質量轉換成能量，將太陽加熱，接著太陽也將地球和其他行星加熱。
How long has the sun been shining?
The sun has been shining for about 4.6 billion years and it will continue to shine for about 5 billion more years.
太陽已經發光多少年了？
太陽已經閃耀約46億年，未來還將繼續閃耀約 50億多年。
What is the sun made of?
The sun is a huge, glowing sphere of hot gas. Most of this gas is hydrogen (about 70%) and helium (about 28%). Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen make up 1.5% and the other 0.5% is made up of small amounts of many other elements such as neon, iron, silicon, magnesium and sulfur. The sun shines because it is burning hydrogen into helium in its extremely hot core. This means that as time goes on, the sun has less hydrogen and more helium.
太陽組成成份有什麼？
太陽是一個充滿熱氣體的巨大發光球體。這些氣體有氫氣（約 70％）和氦（28％左右）。碳，氮和氧共1.5％，其他如氖、鐵、矽、鎂、硫等諸多元素的少量約0.5%。陽光的產生是因為太陽極熱的核心將氫燃燒成氦，所以太陽上的氫將會越來越少，而氦就會越來越多。
How large is the sun compared to Earth?
Compared to Earth, the sun is enormous! It contains 99.86% of all of the mass of the entire solar system. The sun is 864,400 miles (1,391,000 kilometers) across. This is about 109 times the diameter of Earth. The sun weighs about 333,000 times as much as Earth. It is so large that about 1,300,000 planet Earths can fit inside of it. Earth is about the size of an average sunspot!
太陽比地球大嗎？
太陽的大小如果是顆籃球的話，那地球就只有一個小綠豆大而已！太陽的質量佔整個太陽系的99.86％。太陽直徑有1,391,000公里 (864400英里)，是地球直徑的109倍左右。太陽的重量約地球的33萬倍。這樣的大小可以容納約130萬地球。
Is the sun the largest star?
Although the sun appear larger to us than any other star, there are many stars which are much larger. The sun appears so large compared to the other stars because it is so much closer to us than any other star. The sun is just an average sized star. For example, below is a list of some of the largest stars in our galaxy and how they compare to our sun:
Mu Cephi - about 1500 times the size of our sun
Betelgeuse - about 900 times the size of our sun
Antares - about 530 times the size of our sun
Deneb - about 145 times the size of our sun
太陽最大的恆星？
雖然太陽比起我們太陽系的任何星體都大很多，但也有其它恆星比他更大。太陽之所以看起來比起它恆星大，是因為它比其他恆星是更接近我們。事實上，太陽在宇宙中只是一個普通大小的恆星。舉例來說，下列恆星在我們的銀河系比太陽的清單：
造父四 (Mu Cephi)– 約太陽的1500倍
參宿四 (Betelgeuse)- 約太陽的900倍
心宿二 (Antares)- 約太陽的530倍
天津四 (Deneb)- 約太陽的145倍
How hot is the sun?
The temperature at the surface of the sun is about 10,000 Fahrenheit (5,600 Celsius). The temperature rises from the surface of the sun inward towards the very hot center of the sun where it reaches about 27,000,000 Fahrenheit (15,000,000 Celsius). The temperature of the sun also rises from the surface outward into the solar atmosphere. The uppermost layer of the solar atmosphere, called the corona, reaches temperatures of millions of degrees. The corona is the bright halo of light that can be seen during a total solar eclipse.
太陽有多熱？
太陽表面的溫度大約攝氏5600度（華氏10,000度）。向內對太陽非常熱的中心，達到約攝氏1500萬度（華氏2700萬度）的太陽表面溫度的升高。太陽的溫度也上升，從表面向上進入太陽大氣層。太陽大氣最主要的一層，稱為日冕，可達到數百萬度的高溫。日冕可以在日全食期間看到它明亮的光暈。
How far away is the sun?
The sun is at an average distance of about 93,000,000 miles (150 million kilometers) away from Earth. It is so far away that light from the sun, traveling at a speed of 186,000 miles (300,000 meters) per second, takes about 8 minutes to reach us. Like all of the other planets in our solar system, Earth does not travel around the sun in a perfect circle. Instead its orbit is elliptical, like a stretched circle, with the sun just off the center of the orbit. This means that the distance between Earth and the sun changes during a year. At its closest, the sun is 91.4 million miles (147.1 million km) away from us. At its farthest, the sun is 94.5 million miles (152.1 million km) away.
太陽距離我們有多遠？
太陽距離地球的平均距離大約1億5千公里（93,000,000英里），太陽光以每秒30萬公里（186,000英里）的速度旅行，大約需要8分鐘才可以達到地球。但地球跟所有太陽系行星運行軌道都不是一個完美的圓形，而是一個橢圓形的，就像一個拉長的圈圈一樣，太陽就在軌道的中心。因此一年內地球與太陽的距離變化，最接近的距離有147,100,000萬公里（91,400,000英里），最遠的有152,100,000公里（94,500,000英里）。
Does the sun spin?
Yes, the sun does spin, or rotate. Because it is a gas, it does not rotate like a solid. The sun actually spins faster at its equator than at its poles. The sun rotates once every 27 days at its equator, but only once every 31 days at its poles. We know this by watching the motion of sunspots and other solar features across the sun. The giant gas planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, also spin faster at their equators than at their poles.
太陽會旋轉嗎？
是的，太陽會自轉。但因為太陽主要是氣體，所以它旋轉方式跟固體不同。太陽在赤道的旋轉速度比兩極快。赤道每27天旋轉一圈，兩極每31天旋轉一圈。我們可以透過觀察太陽黑子和其他太陽表面特徵，橫跨太陽表面的情況得知。巨大的氣體行星如木星、土星、天王星和海王星，也有赤道旋轉速度高於兩極的情形。
Does the sun move in space?
Yes, the sun does move in space. The sun and the entire solar system revolve around the center of our own galaxy - the Milky Way.
太陽會在太空中移動嗎？
是的，太陽確實在太空中移動，具體來說太陽和整個太陽系不停的環繞我們銀河系的中心旋轉。
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